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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
ناتوانی ذهنی، هوشی
Ultimately, seven disorders are discussed within the section on neurodevelop- mental disorders, including intellectual disabilities, communication disorders, autism spec- trum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, specific learning disorder, motor disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders (other specified or unspecified develop- mental disorders).
Results of their study revealed the following disorders shared a num- ber of features and met a number of the matched criteria, including intellectual disabilities, perva- sive developmental disorders (PDDs) and the learning, motor and communication disorders.
Some of the disorders are more likely to be detected early, such as the more severe variants of intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), motor disorders, tic disorders and communication disorders.
The DSM-5 has clustered these disorders in the same chapter because the neuro- developmental disorders "frequently co-occur; for example individuals with autism spectrum disorder will often have intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder), and many children with attention-deficit disorder (ADHD), also have a specific learning disorder" (APA, 2013, p. 31).
Due to the newness of the category, it is difficult to obtain information concerning the preva- lence of neurodevelopmental disorders in the population, however, it is possible to examine the prevalence rates for some of the most commonly occurring disorders within this category to assist with projecting potential estimates: ADHD 5%; SLD 5-15%; intellectual disabilities 1-3%; ASD 1% (APA, 2013).
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